Table 1 Medicinal plants used in treatment of symptoms of TB in East Africa

Acacia ataxacantha DC

Fabaceae

Not reported

Tree

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Acacia hockii De Wild.

Fabaceae

Kasana (Luganda), Kashiono

Tree

Leaves, Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 10]

Acacia horrida (L.)

Fabaceae

Lerai (Samburu)

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[29]

Acacia mearnsii De Wild.

Fabaceae

Burikoti

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[10]

Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Ex Delile

Fabaceae

Sunut

Tree

Fruit

South Sudan

[30]

Acacia polyacantha Willd.

Fabaceae

Egirigirioi

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[10]

Acacia senegal

Fabaceae

Lderekesi (Samburu)

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[29]

Acacia spectabilis A. Cunn. Ex Benth.

Fabaceae

Gasiya (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Acanthus pubescens (Thomson ex Oliv.) Engl.

Acanthaceae

Matovu, Itojo

Herb

Roots

Uganda, Kenya

[10, 12]

Achyranthes aspera L.

Amaranthaceae

Muhurura

Herb

Flower

Uganda

[10]

Achyrospermum carvalhoi Gürke

Lamiaceae

Kanyamafundo

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Acokanthera friesiorum

Apocynaceae

Chipilikwa (Samburu)

Tree

Leaves

Kenya

[29]

Adenia gummifera

Passifloraceae

Chepnyalildet (Nandi)

Climber

Roots

Kenya

[31]

Adhatoda engleriana Lindau C.B. Clarke

Acanthaceae

Iringoringo (Chagga)

Herb

Roots

Tanzania

[32]

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Asteraceae

Namirembe (Luganda)

Herb

Whole plant

Uganda

[7]

Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms

Cornaceae

Omusiisa (Luganda)

Herb

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Albizia anthelmitica

Fabaceaa

Lamurtana (Samburu)

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[29]

Albizia coriaria Welw. Ex Oliv

Fabaceae

Mugavu (Luganda), Etek (Lango), Musita (Lusoga), Omusesa (Runyangkore), Omubele (Wanga)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya

[7,8,9,10, 12, 33]

Albizia species

Fabaceae

Ennongo (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Albizia versicola

Fabaceae

Not reported

Tree

Leaves

Tanzania, Kenya

[12]

Albizia zygia (DC.) Macbr.

Fabaceae

Ekegonchori (Kuria)

Tree

Roots

Kenya

[12]

Allium sativum L.

Alliaceae

Kitungu saumu (Luo), Garlic (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda, Kenya

[10, 12]

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.

Asphodelaceae

Kigaji (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Aloe secundiflora Engl.

Aloaceae

Sukuroi (Samburu), Osukuroi (Masai), Kiluma (Kamba)

Herb

Leaves

Kenya

[12, 34]

Amaranthus spinosus

Amaranthaceae

Kidodo (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr.

Combretaceae

Sahab

Tree

Stem bark

South Sudan

[30, 35]

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.

Moraceae

Kirundu (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Asparagus africanus Lam.

Asparagaceae

Mukira gwango (Luganda)

Climber

Stem bark

Uganda

[10]

Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams

Asteraceae

Makaayi (Luganda) Emaruoit

Herb

Root bark, Leaves

Uganda

[7, 10]

Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf.

Asteraceae

Rirangera

Herb

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Azadirachta indica L.

Meliaceae

Muarubaini (Kamba)

Tree

Seeds

Kenya

[12]

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae

Neem tree (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves, stem bark

Uganda

[7, 10]

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile

Zygophyllaceae

Olngosua (Maasai), Ekorete

Shrub

Stem bark

Tanzania, Kenya; Uganda

[10, 12]

Bersama abyssinica Fres.

Melianthaceae

Kipsigriet (Sabaot), Kibuimetiet (Nandi)

Tree

Leaves

Kenya

[36]

Bidens pilosa L.

Asteraceae

Sere, Labika (Luganda), Kalala (Lusoga), ononot (Lango)

Herb

Flowers, Leaves

Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

[7, 10, 37, 38]

Blighia unijugata Baker

Sapindaceae

Enkuza nyana (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.

Capparaceae

Kursan; Mukheit

Shrub

Not reported

South Sudan

[35]

Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill.

Euphorbiaceae

Katazamitti (Luganda), Umugimbu,

Tree

Stem bark, Root

Uganda, Burundi

[7, 38]

Brillantaisia owariensis P. Beauv.

Acanthaceae

Icuga

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Cadaba farinosa Forssk

Capparaceae

Lumuriai (Samburu), Akado marateng (Luo)

Shrub

Not reported

Kenya

[39]

Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels

Myrtaceae

Mwabalabutonya (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves, Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 9, 10]

Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.

Burseraceae

Muwafu (Luganda), Mubafu (Lusoga, Rutoro)

Tree

Stem bark, stem, roots

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 9, 12]

Canephora pierre ex A. Froehner

Rubiaceae

Emwanyi (Luganda)

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Capparis erythrocarpos Isert

Capparaceae

Muzingani omwelu, Kitunku ekitono

Shrub

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Capparis tomentosa Lam.

Capparaceae

Muzingani omwelu, Kitunku ekitono

Shrub

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Carica papaya L.

Caricaceae

Amapapali, Paapali essajja (Luganda), Mupapali omusaiza (Lusoga), Apapalu (Lango)

Shrub

Leaves, Stem

Uganda

[7, 9, 10]

Carissa edulis (Forsk.) Vahl

Apocynaceae

Muyonza, Ekamuriei (Ateso)

Shrub

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Cassine buchananii Loes.

Celastraceae

Mbaluka (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark, Leaves

Uganda

[8]

Catha edulis Forsk.

Celastraceae

Chemgangoi (Sabaot)

Shrub

Stem bark

Kenya

[36]

Celosia trigyna L.

Amaranthaceae

Kakubaggiri (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Chaetacme aristata Planch.

Ulmaceae

Embutami (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume

Lauraceae

Mudalasini (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Cissampelos pereira L.

Menispermaceae

Karigi munana

Liana

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Cissus quinquangularis L.

Vitaceae

Sukurtuti

Herb

Roots

Kenya

[12, 34]

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

Rutaceae

Nimawa

Tree

Fruit

Uganda

[9]

Combretum molle R.Br. ex. G. Don.

Combretaceae

Ndagi, Loro (Lango)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 8, 10]

Commiphora species

Burseraceae

Oltemuai (Sabaot)

Shrub

Not reported

Kenya

[40]

Commiphora edulis (Klotzsch)

Burseraceae

Not reported

Shrub

Stem bark, Leaves

Kenya

[12, 26]

Commiphora ellenbeckii Engl.

Burseraceae

Not reported

Shrub

Stem bark, Leaves

Kenya

[26]

Commiphora mildbraedii Engl.

Burseraceae

Not reported

Shrub

Stem bark, Root bark

Kenya

[26]

Cordia africana Lam

Boraginaceae

Not reported

Tree

Roots

Tanzania, Kenya

[12]

Crassocephalum vitellinum

Apiaceae

Akayungubira

Herb

Leaves

Burundi

[38]

Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G.Don) Benth.

Rubiaceae

Not reported

Tree

Roots

Tanzania, Kenya

[12]

Croton dichogamus Pax.

Euphorbiaceae

Oloiborrbenek (Massai)

Shrub

Roots

Tanzania, Kenya

[12]

Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Del

Euphorbiaceae

Omutswitswi (Wanga), Mukinduri (Kikuyu)

Tree

Leaves, Roots

Kenya

[33]

Croton sylvaticus

Euphorbiaceae

Not reported

Tree

Roots

Tanzania

[41]

Croton zambesicus

Euphorbiaceae

Um-Gilagla

Tree

Fruit

South Sudan

[42, 43]

Cryptolepis sanguinolenta

Apocynaceae

Kafulu (Luganda)

Shrub

Roots

Kenya, Uganda

[12, 44]

Cymbopogon citratus D.C. ex Stapf

Poaceae

Kisubi (Luganda), Akisube (Ateso), Lum cai (Lango)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Cyperus latifolius Poir.

Cyperasaceae

Ekekeriaut

Herb

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Cyperus rotundus L. Subsp. rotundus

Cyperasaceae

Ekekeriaut

Herb

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Cyphostemma adenocaule

Vitaceae

Lordo (Samburu)

Herb

Not reported

Kenya

[34]

Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.

Fabaceae

Not reported

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[28]

Datura stramonium

Solanaceae

Not reported

Herb

Leaves

Rwanda

[45]

Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) D.C.

Fabaceae

Enkolimbo (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC.

Papilionaceae

Ituza

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight and Arn

Fabaceae

Chinjiri (Digo)

Tree

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Dodonaea angustifolia L. f.

Sapindaceae

Musambya (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Dracaena steudneri Engl.

Asparagaceae

Kajjolyenjovu (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 9, 10, 12]

Dychrostachys glomerata (DG) (Forssk.)

Fabaceae

Not reported

Tree

Leaves, Roots

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[10, 12, 29]

Embelia schimperi Vatke

Myrsinaceae

Sachuonet (Ogiek)

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[46]

Entada abbysinica A. Rich.

Fabaceae

Laginaria (Luo) Mwolola (Luganda)

Shrub

Roots, Stem bark, Leaves

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[7, 10, 12, 29]

Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC.

Fabaceae

Ejjirikiti (Luganda), Kiko Omoko (Rutoro), Oluo (Lugbara), Owila kot (Lango), Muyirikiti (Lusoga), Omotembe (Kisii)Muhuti (Kikuyu), Umurinzi

Tree

Stem bark, leaves

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi

[7,8,9,10, 12, 38, 45, 47]

Eucalyptus species

Myrtaceae

Kalintusi (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves, Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda

[7,8,9,10, 12, 47, 48]

Euclea divinorum Hiern

Ebenaceae

Emus, Kasalagala/Muda (Lusoga)

Shrub

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss.

Euphorbiaceae

Not reported

Tree

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele

Euphorbiaceae

Kazagamira (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Faidherbia albida (Del.) Chevi.

Fabaceae

Haraz

Tree

Leaves

South Sudan

[42]

Ficus glumosa Delile

Moraceae

Muwo (Luganda)

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Ficus natalensis Hochst.

Moraceae

Omutuba (Luganda), Mugaire (Lusoga)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Ficus platyphylla Delile

Moraceae

Mudodwe

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[10]

Ficus saussureana

Moraceae

Omuwo (Luganda)

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[8]

Fleurya aestuans (L.) Gaudich. ex Miq.

Urticaceae

Munyango (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Garcinia buchananii Baker

Clusiaceae

Musaali (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark, Root bark

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[7, 10, 12]

Gnaphalium purpureum L.

Asteraceae

Omuya (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Gnidia buchananii Gilg

Thymelaeaceae

Not reported

Herb

Roots

Kenya

[49]

Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey.

Apocynaceae

Gashaho

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Gutenbergia cordifolia Benth. ex Oliv.

Asteraceae

Ekoutapem

Herb

Roots, Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv.

Simaroubaceae

Mutagataga (Meru), Osiro (Luo), Orongoriwe (Kuria), Lushaike

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya

[10, 50, 51]

Harungana madagascariensis Lam.ex Pior

Hypericaceae

Mukabiiransiko (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark, Leaves

Uganda

[8]

Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.)

Asteraceae

Lweza (luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Heterotis canescens

Melastomataceae

Umusomaw’a-bungere,

Herb

Leaves

Burundi

[38]

Hibiscus fuscus Garcke

Malvaceae

Lusaala (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Hoslundia opposita Vahl

Lamiaceae

Cheroronit, Cherungut (Nandi), Nfodo (Lusoga)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda, Kenya

[10, 31]

Hypericum revolutum Vahl

Clusiaceae

Mushungwa

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Hypoestes verticillaris (L.f.) Sol.

Acanthaceae

Narubat (Ogiek)

Herb

Roots

Kenya

[46]

Iboza multiflora (Benth.) E. A. Bruce

Lamiaceae

Iseja

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Iboza riparia (Hochst.) N. E. Br.

Lamiaceae

Muravumba

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Indigofera emarginella Steud. ex A. Rich.

Fabaceae

Olutunga nsonzi (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves, Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Indigofera lupatana Baker F

Fabaceae

Not reported

Shrub

Roots

Kenya

[28]

Kalanchoe glaucescens Planch. ex Benth

Crassulaceae

Ekiyondo ekyeru (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7, 9]

Kalanchoe integra

Crassulaceae

Not reported

Shrub

Leaves

Rwanda

[48]

Khaya senegalensis

Meliaceae

Not reported

Tree

Leaves, Stem bark

South Sudan

[52]

Lagenaria sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin

Cucurbitaceae

Mutanga

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Lantana camara L.

Verbenaceae

Kayukiyuki (Luganda), Owinybilo (Lango), Kanpanga (Ateso)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[7, 10, 53]

Lantana trifolia

Verbenaceae

Not reported

Shrub

Leaves

Rwanda

[48]

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.

Lamiaceae

Susuni

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Leucas calostachys Oliv.

Lamiaceae

Kakuba musulo (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves, Whole plant

Uganda

[8]

Lippia grandifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich

Verbenaceae

Olugumaguma (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx Harms

Fabaceae

Not reported

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[11, 28]

Maesa lanceolata Forssk.

Myrsinaceae

Muhanga

Tree

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

Muyembe (Luganda), Aeme (Lango)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 9, 10, 12, 47]

Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)

Celastraceae

Naligwalimu (Luganda), Muwaiswa, Eterka, Itereka (Lango)

Shrub

Root bark, Leaves

Uganda

[7, 10]

Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.)

Asteraceae

Kabilili akatono (Luganda)

Shrub

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Microgramma lycopodiodes (L.) Copel

Polypodiaceae

Kukumba (Luganda)

Herb

Roots, Leaves

Uganda

[8]

Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg

Moraceae

Muvule (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Momordica foetida Schumach.

Cucurbitaceae

Bombo (Luganda), Luiwula/Mwishwa

Herb

Leaves

Uganda, Rwanda

[7, 10, 45]

Momordica rostrata A. Zimm.

Cucurbitaceae

Chepkologolio (Ogiek)

Herb

Roots

Kenya

[46]

Morella kandtiana (Engl.) Verdc. & Polhill

Myricaceae

Mukikimbo (Luganda)

Herb

Roots, Leaves, Whole plant

Uganda

[8]

Morinda lucida Benth.

Rubiaceae

Kabaja nsayi (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringaceae

Moringa (Luganda)

Tree

Fruit, Stem

Uganda

[7, 10]

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

Papilionaceae

Lugenyu (Luganda)

Vine

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Myrica kandtiana Engl.

Myricaceae

Enkikimbo(Luganda)

Tree

Fruit, Leaves, Stem bark, Root bark

Uganda

[7]

Myrsine africana L.

Myrsinaceae

Seketeti (Samburu)

Shrub

Not reported

Kenya

[34]

Nauclea latifolia Sm

Rubiaceae

Karmadoda

Tree

Fruit

South Sudan

[54]

Ocimum basilicum

Lamiaceae

Umusurasura

Herb

Leaves

Burundi

[38]

Ocimum suave Willd.

Lamiaceae

Muhumuzanganda (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Olea capensis L.

Oleaceae

Pekeriondet (Sabaot)

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[36]

Olinia rochetiana

Penaeaceae

Kaptolongit (Sabaot)

Tree

Roots

Kenya

[36]

Ormocarpum trichocarpum (Taub.) Harms

Papilionaceae

Eseperuae

Tree

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Pappea capensis (Spreng) Eckl. & Zeyh.

Sapindaceae

Muba (Kikuyu), Enkorrirri, Oltimigomi (Maasai)

Shrub

Stem bark, Root bark

Kenya

[55, 56]

Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.

Chrysobalanaceae

Umunazi

Tree

Stem bark, roots

Burundi

[38]

Pavetta crassipes K. Schum.

Rubiaceae

Not reported

Shrub

Roots

Tanzania, Kenya

[12]

Pentas longiflora Oliv.

Rubiaceae

lsagara

Herb

Roots

Rwanda

[37]

Persea americana Mill.

Lauraceae

Ovacado (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 9]

Phaseolus lunatus L.

Fabaceae

Kayindiyindi (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Fabaceae

Bijanjaro (Luganda)

Herb

Husks

Uganda

[7]

Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.

Phyllanthaceae

Mutulika (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Piliostigma thonningii

Fabaceae

Chebutiandet (Sabaot)

Tree

Leaves

Kenya

[36]

Piptadenistrum africana

Fabaceae

Mpewere (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 9, 10]

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews

Lamiaceae

Ekibankulata (Luganda), Ebiriri omutano (Ateso)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[7, 10]

Plectranthus hadiensis

Lamiaceae

Kibwankulanta (Luganda)

Shrub

Whole plant, Leaves

Uganda

[8]

Plumbago dawei

Plumbaginaceae

Lkiarianthus (Samburu)

Herb

Stem bark

Kenya

[29]

Plumbago zeylanica L.

Plumbaginaceae

Musajjabanda (Luganda), Mukya (Kamba)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 34, 57]

Podocarpus usambarensis Pilg.

Podocarpaceae

Kamusenene (Luganda)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman

Rosaceae

Ntaseesa, Ngwabuzito (Luganda, Rutoro),Sirumandu (Lugisu)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Pseudospondia microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl.

Anacardiaceae

Muziru (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Psidium guajava L.

Myrtaceae

Mpera (Chagga)

Tree

Fruit, Leaves, Stem bark, Root bark

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[7, 12]

Pycnostachys ericirosenii R.E.Fr.

Lamiaceae

Musindikwa (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Rhamnus prinoides L’Herit.

Rhamnaceae

Munanira (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild. & R.B.D. Drumm.

Vitaceae

Mumara (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss

Anacardiaceae

Lmisigiyoi, Muthigiu (Kikuyu)

Tree

Roots, Leaves

Kenya

[51]

Rhus vulgaris Meikle

Anacardiaceae

Kakwansokwanso (Luganda)

Herb

Stem bark, Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Ribes uva-crispa L.

Grossulariaceae

Entuntunu (Luganda)

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Lamiaceae

Not reported

Herb

Leaves

South Sudan

[52]

Rubia cordifolia L.

Rubiaceae

Kasalabakesi (Luganda) Urumurwa (Kuria)

Herb

Leaves, Whole plant

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[7, 9, 10, 12, 16]

Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.

Polygonaceae

Not reported

Herb

Leaves

Rwanda

[48]

Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax

Euphorbiaceae

Omusasa (Luganda)

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen.

Polygalaceae

Mukondwa, Awee ilila (Lango), Mukondwa (Lusoga), Eliloi (Ateso)

Tree

Roots

Uganda

[8, 10]

Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby

Fabaceae

Gasiya seed

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[10]

Sesamum calycinum

Pedaliaceae

Lutungotungo (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves, Whole plant

Uganda

[8]

Solanum aculeastrum Dunal

Solanaceae

Mutura (Kikuyu), Ekitengo (Luganda)

Shrub

Fruit, Roots, Leaves

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 8, 12]

Solanum incanum L.

Solanaceae

Entengotengo Ennene (Luganda), Ocokocok (Lango), Ntonka (Lusoga), Mutongu (Kamba),Entulelei (Maasai)

Shrub

Fruit

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 12]

Solanum mauense Bitter

Solanaceae

Ng’onyoyiek (Ogiek)

Shrub

Seeds

Kenya

[46]

Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.

Bignoniaceae

Kifabakazi (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Myrtaceae

Jambula (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[7, 9]

Tamarindus indica L.

Fabaceae

Mukoge (Luganda), Cwao (Lango)

Tree

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Teclea nobilis Del.

Rutaceae

Luzo

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[10]

Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd

Lamiaceae

Ekyewamala (Luganda)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda, Rwanda

[7, 37]

Terminalia laxiflora Engl. & Diels

Combretaceae

Darout

Tree

Stem bark

South Sudan

[30]

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray

Asteraceae

Ekimyula, Okelokelo (Lango)

Shrub

Stem bark

Uganda

[7]

Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam

Rutaceae

Simborichet (Sabaot), Mururue (Kikuyu), Oleparmunyo (Maasai), Kawule (Luganda)

Shrub

Roots, Leaves

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 8, 10, 36]

Tragia brevipes Pax

Euphorbiaceae

Nakepian

Climber

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Tragia subsessilis Pax

Euphorbiaceae

Totoananyia

Herb

Roots

Uganda

[10]

Trichilia dregeana Sond.

Meliaceae

Sekoba (Luganda)

Tree

Stem bark,

Uganda

[7]

Triumfetta flavescens Hochst. ex A. Rich.

Malvaceae

Luwugula (Luganda)

Shrub

Stem

Uganda

[7]

Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Sjostedt) P.J.H. Huter

Fabaceae

Oluai (Maasai)

Tree

Stem bark, Root bark

Kenya

[55]

Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.

Asteraceae

Kayayana, Lukohe (Luganda), Yat Kwong (Lango)

Herb

Leaves

Uganda

[7]

Vernonia amygdalina Del.

Asteraceae

Mululuza (Luganda) Lubilili

Shrub

Leaves

Uganda

[7, 10]

Warburgia ugandensis Sprague

Canellaceae

Abaki, Sokoni (Samburu), Muthiga (Kikuyu)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[7,8,9,10, 12, 16, 57,58,59]

Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.

Rutaceae

Ntale ya ddungu (Luganda), Eusuk (Ateso), Agodaman (Lango), Oloisuki (Maasai), Rukuts (Karimojong), Outiku (Lugbara)

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

[5, 8,9,10, 12]

Zanthoxylum gillettii (De Wild.) P.G. Waterman

Rutaceae

Sagawatiet, Shihumba/Shikuma

Tree

Stem bark

Kenya

[31]

Zanthoxylum leprieurii

Rutaceae

Not reported

Tree

Stem bark

Uganda

[5]

Zehneria scabra

Cucurbitaceae

Umushishiro,

Herb

Leaves

Burundi

[38]

Zingiber officinale

Zingiberaceae

Tangawizi (Luo), Ntangawuzi (Luganda)

Herb

Stem

Uganda, Kenya

[7, 9, 10, 12]