Variables | 1999 (N = 568) | 2004–2005 (N = 2028) | 2010 (N = 3314) | 2015–2016 (N = 3028) | 1999–2016 (N = 8,938) | % change (95% CI), 1999–2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*n (%) | *n (%) | *n (%) | *n (%) | *n (%) | ||
Community-level factors | ||||||
 Place of residence | ||||||
  Urban | 68 (13.6) | 328 (25.8) | 556 (44.0) | 724 (34.4) | 1677 (32.6) | 20.7 (14.6, 26.9) |
  Rural | 499 (30.3) | 1700 (38.0) | 2473 (58.5) | 2589 (52.5) | 7262 (47.5) | 22.1 (17.4, 26.9) |
Predisposing factors | ||||||
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
  Maternal age | ||||||
   15–24 years | 215 (27.5) | 701 (36.3) | 972 (56.8) | 1092 (47.5) | 2981 (44.3) | 20.0 (14.6, 25.5) |
   25–34 years | 223 (24.0) | 915 (34.8) | 1266 (53.2) | 1380 (46.4) | 3785 (42.4) | 22.4 (16.8, 28.0) |
   35–49 years | 129 (29.8) | 412 (34.8) | 791 (56.5) | 841 (47.5) | 2173 (45.4) | 17.7 (10.9, 24.5) |
  Maternal education | ||||||
   No schooling | 182 (33.0) | 584 (40.1) | 797 (61.2) | 744 (55.5) | 2307 (49.6) | 22.4 (14.5, 30.3) |
   Primary school or higher | 385 (24.2) | 1445 (33.7) | 2231 (53.3) | 2569 (45.1) | 6631 (42.0) | 20.9 (16.7, 25.1) |
  Household wealth status | ||||||
   Poor | 320 (39.0) | 907 (38.8) | 1465 (60.6) | 1654 (65.2) | 3551 (48.7) | 26.2 (20.4, 32.0) |
   Middle | 179 (25.0) | 780 (36.8) | 1063 (56.2) | 692 41.5) | 2659 (42.4) | 16.5 (9.9, 23.2) |
   Rich | 31 (11.6) | 242 (24.5) | 393 (42.3) | 968 (27.3) | 917 (29.5) | 15.7 (9.5, 21.9) |
  Maternal employment | ||||||
   No employment | 90 (22.7) | 164 (27.4) | 317 (49.0) | 456 (40.5) | 1026 (37.1) | 17.9 (7.2, 28.5) |
   Formal employment | 15 (20.5) | 40 (20.0) | 76 (30.7) | 169 (35.0) | 299 (29.8) | 14.5 (3.4, 25.6) |
   Informal employment | 66 (18.4) | 167 (28.1) | 418 (45.4) | 579 (39.2) | 1230 (36.7) | 20.8 (13.9, 27.7) |
Exposure to media | ||||||
  Listening to radio | ||||||
   No | 271 (30.4) | 604 (39.3) | 1021 (58.7) | 887 (52.7) | 2782 (47.6) | 22.2 (16.6, 27.9) |
   Yes | 296 (23.6) | 1420 (33.8) | 2005 (53.5) | 2427 (45.3) | 6148 (42.2) | 21.7 (16.5, 26.8) |
  Reading newspapers/magazines | ||||||
   No | 206 (27.6) | 1469 (39.0) | 2157 (57.7) | 2207 (51.0) | 6039 (48.0) | 23.3 (18.1, 28.6) |
   Yes | 100 (15.7) | 556 (28.2) | 871 (50.0) | 1106 (40.8) | 2634 (37.3) | 25.1 (20.1, 30.1) |
  Watching television | ||||||
   No | 513 (29.0) | 1688 (38.0) | 2351 (59.3) | 2040 (52.5) | 6591 (46.8) | 23.5 (18.9, 28.1) |
   Yes | 55 (14.6) | 339 (26.3) | 678 (44.5) | 1274 (40.4) | 2345 (37.0) | 25.8 (19.8, 31.8) |
Enabling factors | ||||||
 Distance to health facilities** | ||||||
  Big problem |  | 901 (39.1) | 694 (57.7) | 1631 (50.7) | 3227 (48.0) |  |
  Not a big problem |  | 1126 (32.7) | 2325 (54.5) | 1682 (44.0) | 5134 (44.5) |  |
 Mother’s autonomy in household** | ||||||
  Involved in decisions |  | 971 (34.2) | 1643 (52.2) | 2047 (44.2) | 4662 (43.9) |  |
  Not involved in decisions |  | 1057 (36.4) | 1385 (59.0) | 1266 (52.4) | 3708 (48.4) |  |
Need factors | ||||||
 Contraceptive use | ||||||
  No | 427 (28.6) | 1587 (38.8) | 2020 (58.5) | 2121 (51.1) | 6154 (46.7) | 22.4 (17.8, 27.1) |
  Yes | 141 (21.5) | 441 (26.6) | 1009 (49.5) | 1193 (41.3) | 2784 (38.4) | 19.8 (13.9, 25.7) |
 Desire to the current pregnancy | ||||||
  Desired the pregnancy | 484 (25.8) | 1901 (35.2) | 2884 (55.3) | 3133 (47.0) | 8402 (43.8) | 21.1 (16.8, 25.4) |
  Not desired the pregnancy | 83 (31.1) | 128 (37.0) | 142 (52.7) | 180 (49.6) | 533 (42.8) | 18.5 (8.4, 28.5) |