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Table 4 Determinants of exposure to adverse medical events (n = 221)

From: Experiences of frontline nurses with adverse medical events in a regional referral hospital in northern Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Independent variables

Univariate model 1

Univariate model 2

Univariate model 3

Univariate model 4

Univariate model 5

Univariate model 6

Need pricks

Equipment injuries

Falls from slippery floors

Medication errors

Falls from height

Overall exposure

OR+ (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Professional category

 Auxiliary nurse

1.28 (0.72–2.25)

0.96 (0.53–1.72)

0.75 (0.37–1.50)

0.68 (0.38–1.21)

0.87 (0.44 1.74)

1.03 (0.09 12.52)

 Professional nurse

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Age

 18–30 years

0.57 (0.28–1.18)

0.89 (0.421.87)

0.67 (0.27–1.65)

0.72 (0.34–1.51)

1.52 (0.63 3.70)

0.61 (0.02 19.23)

 31 years+

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Gender

 Male

1.00 (0.57–1.77)

1.274 (0.71–2.29)

1.10 (0.56–2.18)

2.39 (1.34–4.26)*

0.79 (0.39 1.58)

0.74 (0.06 9.13)

 Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Marital status

 Married

0.74 (0.40–1.37)

1.04 (0.56–1.96)

0.81 (0.39–1.65)

1.24 (0.67–2.31)

1.04 (0.50 2.18)

1.35 (0.10 18.65)

 Not married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Religion

 Christian

1.74 (0.99–3.05)

1.46 (0.82–2.61)

2.45 (1.22–4.90)*

0.68 (0.39–1.20)

1.08 (0.55 2.13)

omitted**

 Moslem

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Work experience

 5 years or less

1.66 (0.83–3.35)

9.91 (0.45–1.87)

1.93 (0.80–4.68)

1.86 (0.91–3.82)

0.88 (0.38 2.02)

1.80 (0.06 54.08)

 Over 5 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Model statistics

 LR χ2(6)

7.78

2.54

11.36

17.04

1.99

0.24

 Prob > χ2

0.2546

0.8639

0.0778

0.0091

0.9204

0.9987

 Pseudo R2

0.0257

0.0089

0.0481

0.0557

0.0088

0.0086

 Log likelihood

− 147.64

−140.96

− 112.49

− 144.48

− 112.04

− 13.73

  1. Source: field data (2018)
  2. Legend: OR (odds ratio)
  3. *logistic regression statistically significant, p < 0.05
  4. **omitted variable from regression model due to collinearity
  5. +Odds ratios (OR) are all adjusted for possible confounding covariates (i.e., age, gender, marital status, religion, and work experience)