Table 3 Pathogen distribution among under-5 moderate-to-severe diarrheal children from the two types of tube well water user families
Pathogen variables | Shallow tube well water user (N = 663), n (%) | Deep tube well water user (N = 731), n (%) | Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Shigella spp. | ||||
Yes | 266 (40.1) | 325 (44.5) | 0.84 [0.68, 1.04] | 0.113 |
No | 397 (59.9) | 406 (55.5) | ||
S. flexneri | ||||
Yes | 195 (29.3) | 206 (27.8) | 1.06 [0.84, 1.34] | 0.654 |
No | 468 (70.7) | 525 (72.2) | ||
S. sonnei | ||||
Yes | 52 (7.8) | 96 (13.1) | 0.56 [0.39, 0.80] | 0.002* |
No | 611 (92.2) | 635 (86.9) | ||
S. boydii | ||||
Yes | 7 (1.1) | 15 (2.1) | 0.43 [0.17, 1.05] | 0.364 |
No | 656 (98.9) | 716 (97.9) | ||
S. dysenteriae | ||||
Yes | 4 (0.6) | 10 (1.4) | 0.44 [0.14, 1.46] | 0.246 |
No | 659 (99.4) | 721 (98.6) | ||
V. cholerae | ||||
Yes | 10 | 9 | 0.99 [0.40, 2.46] | 1.000 |
No | 721 | 654 | ||
Salmonella | ||||
Yes | 17 | 25 | 1.65 [0.88, 3.07] | 0.120 |
No | 714 | 638 | ||
ETEC | ||||
Yes | 27 (4.1) | 38 (5.2) | 0.77 [0.47, 1.28] | 0.385 |
No | 693 (94.8) | 636 (95.9) | ||
EPEC | ||||
Yes | 69 | 65 | 1.19 [0.83, 1.69] | 0.385 |
No | 594 | 666 | ||
EAEC | ||||
Yes | 155 (23.4) | 178 (24.4) | 0.95 [0.74, 1.21] | 0.717 |
No | 508 (76.6) | 553 (75.6) | ||
Aeromonas | ||||
Yes | 170 (25.6) | 186 (25.4) | 1.01 [0.79, 1.28] | 0.982 |
No | 493 (74.4) | 545 (74.6) | ||
Campylobacter | ||||
Yes | 115 (17.3) | 131 (17.9) | 0.96 [0.73, 1.26] | 0.833 |
No | 548 (82.7) | 600 (82.1) | ||
Rotavirus | ||||
Yes | 113 (17.0) | 106 (14.5) | 1.21 [0.91, 1.62] | 0.219 |
No | 550 (83.0) | 625 (85.5) | ||
Norovirus | ||||
Yes | 44 (6.6) | 59 (8.1) | 0.81 [0.540, 1.21] | 0.358 |
No | 619 (93.4) | 672 (91.9) | ||
Adenovirus | ||||
Yes | 20 (3.0) | 30 (4.0) | 0.73 [0.41, 1.29] | 0.344 |
No | 643 (97.0) | 701 (96.0) | ||
Astrovirus | ||||
Yes | 8 (1.2) | 9 (1.2) | 0.98 [0.37, 2.55] | 1.000 |
No | 655 (98.8) | 722 (98.8) | ||
Sapovirus | ||||
Yes | 10 (1.5) | 9 (1.2) | 1.22 [0.49, 3.04] | 0.830 |
No | 653 (98.5) | 722 (98.8) | ||
Cryptosporidium | ||||
Yes | 49 (7.4) | 49 (6.7) | 1.11 [0.74, 1.67] | 0.692 |
No | 614 (92.6) | 682 (93.3) | ||
Giardia | ||||
Yes | 51 (7.7) | 55 (7.7) | 1.02 [0.69, 1.52] | 0.986 |
No | 612 (92.3) | 676 (92.5) | ||
E. histolytica | ||||
Yes | 51 (7.7) | 42 (5.7) | 1.37 [0.89, 2.08] | 0.178 |
No | 612 (92.3) | 689 (94.3) | ||