Individual and household factors associated with incidences of village malaria in Xepon district, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR

Table 4 Bivariate analysis of the associations between household-level characteristics

Characteristics	Respondents in cases (n = 90)		Respondents in controls (n = 88)		p value^a
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	p value^a
Number of household members
< 5	27	30.0	27	30.7	0.994
5–7	40	44.4	39	4.3
≥ 8	23	25.6	22	25.0
Median (interquartile range)	6	4–8	6	4–8
Household that hung a bed net
No	0	0.0	4	4.5	0.058
Yes	90	100	84	95.5
Household that hung long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net
No	3	3.3	9	10.2	0.079
Yes	87	96.7	79	89.8
Person per net ratio
≤ 2.5	49	54.4	44	52.4	0.879
> 2.5	41	45.6	40	47.6
Type of water used for daily life
Stream water	41	45.6	44	50.0	0.653
Water other than stream water	49	54.4	44	50.0
Wealth index quartiles
First (least poor)	19	21.1	30	34.1	0.121
Second	21	23.3	22	25.0
Third	18	20.0	17	19.3
Fourth (poorest)	32	35.6	19	21.6
Wall materials
Brick	48	53.3	45	51.1	0.881
Other	42	46.7	43	48.9
Flooring materials
Wood	71	78.8	56	63.6	0.031
Other	19	21.1	32	36.4
Roofing materials
Zinc	82	91.1	73	83.0	0.121
Other	8	8.9	15	17.0
Open space in the house (size larger than A4 sheet)
No	20	22.2	44	50.0	< 0.001
Yes	70	77.8	44	50.0
Percent of open spaces in the house (%)
≤ 10	23	32.9	13	29.5	0.837
> 10	47	67.1	31	70.5
Median (interquartile range)	11.2	0.9–21.5	0.6	0.0–18.4
Kitchen location
Inside the house	58	64.4	61	69.3	0.527
Outside the house	32	35.6	27	30.7
Cattle keeping near the house
No	53	58.9	58	65.9	0.357
Yes	37	41.1	30	34.1
Weed management within 10 m around the house
Poor	52	57.8	42	47.7	0.230
Good	38	42.2	46	52.3

ISSN: 1349-4147