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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of differences in individual-level characteristics

From: Individual and household factors associated with incidences of village malaria in Xepon district, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR

Characteristics

Respondents in cases (n = 550)

Respondents in controls (n = 520)

p valuea

n

%

n

%

Gender

 Male

272

49.5

261

50.2

0.854

 Female

278

50.5

259

49.8

 

Age

 < 15 years

271

50.4

239

47.0

0.293

 ≥ 15 years

267

49.6

270

53.0

 

Educational attainment

 No formal education

389

70.7

367

70.6

1.000

 Primary school or higher

161

29.3

153

29.4

 

Occupation

 Farmer

290

52.7

275

52.9

0.978

 Child

159

28.9

152

29.2

 

 Student

101

18.4

93

17.9

 

Frequency of using a bed net

 Everyday

455

82.7

428

82.3

0.872

 Sometimes/never

95

17.3

92

17.7

 

Working in the forest at nighttime in the past year

 No

430

78.2

439

84.4

0.010

 Yes

120

21.8

81

15.6

 

Working in the forest in the early morning in the past year

 No

445

80.9

393

75.6

0.038

 Yes

105

19.1

127

24.4

 

Sleeping overnight in the forest in the past year

 No

482

87.6

478

91.9

0.026

 Yes

68

12.4

42

8.1

 

Malaria episode in past 1 year

 No

474

86.2

487

93.7

< 0.001

 Yes

76

13.8

33

6.3

 

Place for the treatment of the episode

 Health center

36

47.4

30

90.9

< 0.001

 Village health volunteer

37

48.7

0

0.0

 

 Other

3

3.9

3

9.1

 
  1. aFisher’s exact test