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Table 3 Rate of malaria and SMA episodes

From: Genetic variation in CSF2 (5q31.1) is associated with longitudinal susceptibility to pediatric malaria, severe malarial anemia, and all-cause mortality in a high-burden malaria and HIV region of Kenya

Variable names

Event

Baseline

Estimate

Std. error

z value

IRR (95% CI)

P value

Malaria episodes

 (Intercept)

  

− 1.389

0.032

− 43.218

0.249 (0.234–0.265)

< 0.0001

 Age at enrollment

  

− 0.034

0.002

− 18.123

0.967 (0.963–0.970)

< 0.0001

 Cohort*

499

576

0.044

0.029

1.509

1.045 (0.987–1.106)

0.1313

 HIV1 (+)

36

1039

− 0.318

0.104

− 3.044

0.728 (0.593–0.893)

0.0023

 Sex (female)

540

535

− 0.089

0.028

− 3.225

0.915 (0.867–0.966)

0.0013

 -α3.7/-α3.7

215

860

− 0.097

0.036

− 2.709

0.908 (0.846–0.974)

0.0068

 Hb SS

14

1061

− 0.750

0.181

− 4.155

0.473 (0.332–0.673)

< 0.0001

 Hb AS

159

916

− 0.228

0.042

− 5.455

0.796 (0.734–0.864)

< 0.0001

 CSF2:g.64544 TC genotype

115

960

− 1.102

0.501

− 2.201

0.332 (0.125–0.886)

0.0277

 CSF2 GC/GT diplotype

66

1009

0.926

0.504

1.837

2.525 (0.940–6.787)

0.0663

 CSF2 AT/GC diplotype

46

1029

1.142

0.505

2.262

3.132 (1.164–8.422)

0.0237

 CSF2 AC/GC diplotype

25

1050

− 0.313

0.099

− 3.174

0.732 (0.603–0.887)

0.0015

Model fit

 AIC

  

5509.852

    

 Deviance

  

2254.5387

1063

   

 Null deviance

  

2743.8236

1074

   

SMA episodes

 (Intercept)

  

− 4.147

0.132

− 31.452

0.016 (0.012–0.021)

< 0.0001

 Age at enrollment

  

− 0.056

0.009

− 6.118

0.946 (0.929–0.963)

< 0.0001

 Cohort*

499

576

− 0.441

0.137

− 3.222

0.644 (0.492–0.841)

0.0013

 HIV 1 (+)

36

1039

1.060

0.239

4.431

2.887 (1.806–4.614)

< 0.0001

 Hb SS

14

1061

1.034

0.341

3.031

2.813 (1.441–5.492)

0.0024

 Hb AS

159

916

− 0.673

0.223

− 3.017

0.510 (0.329–0.790)

0.0026

 CSF2 AT haplotype

485

590

0.291

0.122

2.396

1.338 (1.055–1.699)

0.0166

Model fit

 AIC

  

1360.7875

    

 Deviance

  

861.3021

1068

   

 Null deviance

  

972.6857

1074

   
  1. Poisson regression model fit was determined using Akaike information criterion, with the heuristic approach being performed on an iterative manner to exclude potentially irrelevant variables. Data are ranked per variables as follows; the intercept, followed by metric variables (age), categorical variables (cohort, HIV1), genetic variables (sex, -α3.7/-α3.7, Hb SS, Hb AS) and CSF2 gene variants. *Cohort presented in the table were patients recruited into the study in the 2007–2012 study period. IRR confidence intervals with GLM were computed using the delta method. Std. Error standard error, IRR incidence rate ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, HIV 1 human immunodeficiency virus 1, -α3.7/-α3.7 α+-thalassemia homozygous mutant, Hb SS sickle cell diseases, Hb AS sickle cell trait, CSF2 colony-stimulating factor 2, AIC Akaike information criterion